If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. An examination of what we understand as History can occur here. An explanation is a rendering or handing over of an account of things. When the soul is not beautiful, it is ugly and deformed. Reason renders an account of the truth of judgement. 14. This perfection is the striving for the completeness of the foundation. they may provide a better description of the whence of the objects under examination. These topics are too complex to go into here, but you could do some research on them before setting off on your journey to your Exhibition. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. that knowledge which technology has brought forward. It was in direct conflict with that tradition which is known as the history of philosophy. Although dialectic is now considered a complex philosophical term, in its original sense it could mean nothing more than a discussion among friends at Starbucks over coffee. The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. To count on means that the knowledge produced can be relied upon with certainty to be that which is said about it. Who knew? Opinion regards those things that can be otherwise and that is why it can be true or false. Both doubt and skepticism were requirements for beginning thinking. it is after hours, the owner is away on holidays, the owner is observing a religious festival, etc. Our common understanding of values is one hazily arrived at and derived from what Aristotle called The Ethics and, for Aristotle, these had to do with the actions of human beings in defining and achieving their ends, their desires and goals. The axioms, principles, rules, laws, etc. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. This system is called the technological in other areas of this writing. -Those beliefs were changed and replaced when the Constitution was signed -Shown through the object This calculus also determines how we view a work of art and gives rise simultaneously, during the 17th and 18th centuries, to the theory of aesthetics, how we view, define and subsequently speak about art and beauty. What we call knowledge involves truth and judgement. These have to do with communities. When what is is defined as object, as object it becomes the ground and basis of all things, their determinations as to what they are, and the kinds of questioning that determine those determinations. In looking at the prompt in its most general form, what counts as experience at a given period depends on a prior interpretation of the world that is not itself derived from or vulnerable to experience. Our two latest AOKs were called Religious Knowledge Systems and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. The principle to render sufficient reasons becomes the unconditional demand to render mathematically technically computable grounds for all that is: total rationalization. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs?. Plato examines the relation of the body to the soul under the themes of illness and deformity in his dialogue Sophist. Adequate evidence means that the evidence provided is correct. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. We do not have to look far for examples of disputes with the proper naming of things and you may find any number of them for your Exhibition. how the questions of what, how and why are sufficiently answered and the thing about which the claim is being made is sufficiently brought to light and handed over to others. as an object. In your Exhibition you will bring your knowledge to bear on the relations of the objects or images that you will choose to exhibit and demonstrate their connectedness to each other. It is extremely difficult to question the ethics of those possibilities and potentialities because the language from which we could question them arose within the same crucible of seeing or theory that made them possible in the first place i.e. In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. the technological. One may wish to take the journey down the path which discusses techne as that type of knowledge which is in another and for another and provide examples of various products of human endeavours that provide human beings with some good end or usefulness. According to Kant, our cognition renders sufficient reasons for the being of objects when it brings forward and securely establishes the objectness of objects and thereby brings itself to objectness, that is, to the being of experienceable beings. To regard moods or conscience as experiences ignores the way in which these moods disclose or how they open up for us our way of being in the world and our human being. 1, AOK: Technology and the Human Sciences Part. We establish values for a reason, and that reason has to do with who we are. The Natural Sciences: Historical Background. They may sometimes be understood as inner states, activities and processes that we are aware of or live through, but do not usually make objects of introspection or reflection. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? New knowledge can't override the old. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. Reasons must be rendered to human beings who determine objects as objects by way of a representation that judges. I, for example, havent got a clue what is going on in the fashion arts. These cabals of knowers have power within their respective communities, so much so that some proponents of these world-pictures have become placed as the new priesthood in the communities where these world pictures thrive. I dont understand the link. The sign is what is referred to as a tautology. Clearly, not knowing how a hand phone works is not an indication of madness on our part, but then what is the knowledge that is being spoken about by Socrates? All translation is an interpretation. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. It is the system that makes information possible. I know this will likely bother anyone who is interested in order and logic, but I've decided to break the order of prompts so I can publish them as I record them. The language and engagement in the conversation that is dialecticis not the attempt to out-argue someone, but getting ones partner in the conversation to open their eyes and see; dialectic is possible between friends, not between rivals; dialectic is not political. are the questions that can be explored in the Exhibition. While this is not so much an issue for high school students, it will become very much an issue as they proceed in their education. The greatest constraint placed upon the pursuit of knowledge is that which is imposed by the principle of reason: nihil est sine ratione: nothing is without (a) reason. Can new knowledge change established. The principle of reason demands the universal and total reckoning up of everything as something calculable. Why, for example, are we obliged to preserve panda bears in conditions that are far better than most human beings in the world? This is what Kant called his transcendental method. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. The handing over of knowledge is done through language and this language may be in the form of speech, numbers, or images/representations. Reasons must be rendered or handed over for the things which first give themselves to us. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. But such a venturing is necessary if one truly wishes to engage in a search for the truth of things. The principle of reason founds all principles as principles. The question here is what is meant by objectivity? WHAT Object #2 Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Such a lack of knowledge is not crucial to our well-being or survival. Although these methods are different from the ones in other areas of knowledge, they are still valuable methods of inquiry. Join. They are what can be learned and what can be taught i.e. For prompt 2, youve stated that the concept of added value in economics could also be an object for this prompt. It is directed by what is called rhetoric, and rhetoric has its own techniques. 13. Again, the interpretation of the prompts provided here is an interpretation only and its purpose is to provoke thought on your part as to why you have chosen the images that you have chosen and what these choices provide your audience regarding your understanding of the world. Thus, the choices of image or objects for this prompt, and the conclusions to be arrived at, are almost unlimited. You might begin by examining how the word values is itself an example of the great change that occurred during that period we call the Renaissance when human beings became the centre of the things that are, with the consequence that we have the rise of the age of humanism. The being of beings is sought and found in the representedness of beings that arises through the principle of reason or ratiocination and the account of beings given therein. The knowledge of the techne is his own or he has made that knowledge his own, but the production of knowledge, the products of that knowledge or the applications of the knowledge is through another and for another. The Greeks had a saying: The future comes to meet us from behind and it is this future that is encapsulated in the historical development of the knowledge that preceded it. It is very important that your exhibition is based on one of the prescribed prompts. Beings as a whole are now taken in such a way that they are in being first and only insofar as they are presented by the human being as the representer and producer, that is, as objects. how reality is conceived. The organisation and classification of things is based on what we know of the things to begin with: the plant-like of the plant, the animation of the animal, the thingness of the thing, etc. We find such certainty and surety in the knowledge that results from mathematical calculation; that is, mathematical calculation is a predication of the subject knowledge i.e. But the end for the Greeks was to demonstrate why their trust was an appropriate response to the things that are and this trust overcame the doubt and skepticism that initiated their search for knowledge. The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be. When the reason for the connection of the representations has been directed back to the I, what is represented first comes to a stand such that it is securely established as an object for the representing subject. We can look at our recovery from various illnesses to see improvements in health care and in the treatment of various diseases. It is what guarantees that something is firmly established, secured in its grounds of its place as an object for human cognition. The modern experiment essentially involves exact measurement. what will be claimed and becomes knowledge. What this means is that something is, something can only be identified as a being/thing, only if it is stated in a sentence that satisfies the fundamental principle of reason as its founding i.e.. it is the fundamental principle of all that is, including statements made to others. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? The connection with life and the human sciences is explicit: Starting from life itself as a whole, human scientists try to understand its lived experiences in their structural and developmental inter-connections.We must be careful and wary of the notion of experiencing. Your response to this prompt will depend on the areas of knowledge that you choose your objects/images from. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. OT2: Knowledge and Technology. 128 7 In doing this, you as a human being will understand yourself in terms of the possibilities open to you through your thinking. The celebrity chefs that are so popular in media today would be consideredtechnites,not sophists. Correctness is being directed toward something, making statements that are fitted or suitable for the things that are spoken about. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? are established so that there is little room to discuss the objects and their being that are under scrutiny. Not all knowledge is good, it seems. What challenges are raised by the dissemination and/or communication of knowledge? Admittedly, our mathematical formulas no longer picture nature but merely represent our own grasp of nature. The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. fides} is the affirmation of, or conviction regarding, the truth of a proposition, whether or not one is in possession of evidence adequate to justify a claim that the proposition is known with certainty (the principle of sufficient reason). In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. to determine what our tastes should be in our various forms of entertainment. The philosophical principles lying inside quantum physics and Heisenbergs indeterminacy principle are proofs that what was traditionally called objectivity in the sciences is no longer possible. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development? In the most general terms (and as a second order inquiry) the production of knowledge that results from such viewing is the determination of the being of things as objects. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. The counting on and relying on are the metaphysics that undergird what is the essence of technology as it is defined in these writings. In your discussion, defining counts and knowledge will be crucial as well as demonstrating how the images you have chosen illustrate your interpretations of these key terms. Knowing the audience is the recognition that we are beings in bodies. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher Current research into AI, artificial intelligence, is being questioned because so much of it is occurring beyond good and evil or beyond ethical considerations. What counts as good evidence for a knowledge claim is demonstrated by the manner in which that claim is grounded i.e. World-view comes from the German Weltanschauung which is formed from Welt, world, and Anschauung, view, etc., and means view of, outlook on, the world. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. Take a closer look at the IB curriculum that you are studying. The truth of a principle can never be proved from its result. If the inquiry of your Exhibition wishes to remain a first order inquiry, the age-old advice of follow the money is a good one whether it be about climate change deniers, the lack of ethics in the activities of the world banking system, etc. The essence of human beings is reason. 11. What is it that we value in a work of art? This reign of the object as material thing, as the genuine substructure of all things, reaches into the area that we call the spiritual; into the sphere of the meaning and significance of language, of history, of the work of art, and all of the areas of knowledge of TOK. This lack of self-knowledge elicits pity and fear from us: pity for the waste of the good that is the goodness of the tragic hero as a human being, and fear that such a lack of self-knowledge may be present in ourselves. The disclosure of things is prior to our human judgmental truth. The reason rendered must be asufficient reason:that is, that it be completely satisfactory as an account. Enjoy!Links & fact checks can be found on www.TOKTalk.org. Our understanding of truth gives a precedence to human subjectivity. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? isabellas brunch menu . they are not underway towards something because they already possess knowledge of the things about which they deliberate and those things are the things which are permanent. Human being does not have a constant, project-independent understanding of itself: it first understands itself, or understands itself anew, after the projection. This revealing of hidden things is like the cherry tree that is currently bursting into bloom, revealing what has been concealed regarding its essence up to this time. While language first has to do with hearing, its purpose is to make us see the thing that is named. the doctors knowledge is that of abetting what is true of nature in regard to the health of human beings. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. In logic, the word correctnessis lack of contradiction, consistency. A contradiction is impossible. a cause-effect relation. The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. What counts in a project is more like a decision than a discovery; it cannot be correct or incorrect: correctness, and criteria for it, only apply within the light shed by the project i.e. Read this prompt together with #19. What we call our knowledge requires that what we consider the knowledge to be must be rendered or handed over to others so that it may be justified and made secure. The first belief is also a case of knowledge in the sense of a belief in its first principles; the second is probably knowledge within the context of our conception of time; but the third is (at present) merely belief. From world-views and world-pictures is determined what and how we understand what our personal and shared knowledge are to be. What counts as a good justification for a claim? The why and the how, as well as the what are explained and this is usually indicated by our use of the word be-cause, the cause is. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. Perhaps in your study of Shakespeare you have come across the Elizabethan world-picture or order of being, but this is not how the Elizabethans viewed themselves; this understanding is a later German understanding. It is difficult to take as sane someone who does not. Ethical obligations were called rendering what was due to some thing or another. We call them universities but this is a misnomer. are also objects that could come under consideration with this prompt. One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. What is objectivity? they must be given to us a priori. 2. It is the act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and contributes to the utility of individuals. Wikipedia. With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. We get together and discuss TOK Exhibition Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? the book is on the table, etc. AnywayToday Im joined by Theatre Teacher, Bob Scheer.